UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549



FORM 8-K



CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): August 14, 2023



VENUS CONCEPT INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware
001-38238
06-1681204
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)
(Commission File Number)
(IRS Employer Identification Number)
 
235 Yorkland Blvd, Suite 900
Toronto, Ontario M2J 4Y8
(Address of principal executive offices, including Zip Code)
 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (877) 848-8430
 
Not Applicable
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)


 
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:


Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)


Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)


Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))


Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class
 
Trading
Symbol(s)
 
Name of each exchange
on which registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share
 
VERO
 
The Nasdaq Capital Market
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).
 
Emerging growth company 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐



Item 2.02.
Results of Operations and Financial Condition.

On August 14, 2023, Venus Concept Inc. issued a press release relating to its financial results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. A copy of the press release is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K.

The information in this Item 2.02 of this Form 8-K and the Exhibit 99.1 attached hereto shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that Section, nor incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

Item 9.01.
Financial Statements and Exhibits.

Exhibit
No.

Description
 


Press release dated August 14, 2023.
104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)


SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

 
VENUS CONCEPT INC.
   
Date: August 14, 2023
By:
/s/ Domenic Della Penna
   
Domenic Della Penna
   
Chief Financial Officer




Exhibit 99.1
 

Venus Concept Announces Second Quarter of Fiscal Year 2023 Financial Results
 
TORONTO, August 14, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) – Venus Concept Inc. (“Venus Concept” or the “Company”) (NASDAQ: VERO), a global medical aesthetic technology leader, announced financial results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.
 
Second Quarter 2023 Summary & Recent Progress:
 
Company continues to execute against Transformational Plan

Total revenue of $20.1 million, down $7.2 million, or 26%, year-over-year

Cash system revenue represented approximately 74% of total systems and subscriptions revenue, compared to 49% in the prior year period

Operating expenses of $20 million, including approximately $0.4 million of costs related to restructuring activities, down $6.2 million, or 24%, year-over-year

Cash used in operations of $2.1 million, down 71% year-over-year

GAAP net loss attributable to stockholders of $7.4 million, down $3.2 million, or 30% year-over-year and down $2.3 million, or 24%, quarter-over-quarter

Adjusted EBITDA loss of $4.0 million, down $1.5 million, or 27% year-over-year

On May 11, 2023, the Company announced a 1-for-15 reverse stock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock, which began trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market on a split-adjusted basis at the open of trading on May 12, 2023.
On May 15, 2023, the Company announced that it entered into a stock purchase agreement with funds affiliated with EW Healthcare Partners for a multi-tranche private placement of senior convertible preferred stock for maximum gross proceeds of up to $9,000,000.
On July 13, 2023, the Company announced the establishment of a medical advisory board for AI.ME, its next generation robotic platform. The medical advisory board will provide strategic input, guidance, and clinical recommendation regarding AI.ME, which received its first 510(k) clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in December 2022 for fractional skin resurfacing.

Management Commentary:
 
“Our second quarter revenue results were in-line with the Company’s expectations,” said Rajiv De Silva, Chief Executive Officer of Venus Concept. “2023 is a year of re-focusing the business and repositioning Venus Concept to enhance the cash flow profile of the Company and to accelerate the path to long-term, sustainable, profitability and growth. To that end, we are encouraged by the continued progress towards our restructuring activities designed to improve our operations and cost structure, and our continued strategic shift to prioritize cash system sales which together drove a 73% year-over-year reduction in cash used in operations in Q2. We remain highly focused on maximizing our capital resources as we work to manage our near-to-intermediate-term debt obligations and to further enhance the Company’s foundation for achieving our longer-term goals. We value the constructive approach that our primary lenders are taking in supporting the company through this transition.”
 

Second Quarter of 2023 Revenue by Region and by Product Type:
 
   
Three Months Ended June 30,
   
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
   
2023
   
2022
   
2023
   
2022
 
   
(dollars in thousands)
   
(dollars in thousands)
 
Revenues by region:
                       
United States
 
$
9,757
   
$
13,416
   
$
20,498
   
$
26,545
 
International
   
10,318
     
13,850
     
20,108
     
27,127
 
Total revenue
 
$
20,075
   
$
27,266
   
$
40,606
   
$
53,672
 

   
Three Months Ended June 30,
   
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
   
2023
   
2022
   
2023
   
2022
 
   
(dollars in thousands)
   
(dollars in thousands)
 
Revenues by product:
                               
Subscription—Systems
 
$
4,311
   
$
11,874
   
$
10,072
   
$
22,297
 
Products—Systems
   
12,313
     
11,548
     
23,377
     
23,422
 
Products—Other (1)
   
2,586
     
3,080
     
5,533
     
6,577
 
Services
   
865
     
764
     
1,624
     
1,376
 
Total revenue
 
$
20,075
   
$
27,266
   
$
40,606
   
$
53,672
 
(1) Products-Other include ARTAS procedure kits, Viva tips and other consumables.

Second Quarter 2023 Financial Results:

   
Three Months Ended June 30,
   
 
   
2023
   
2022
   
Change
 
(in thousands, except percentages)
  $    
% of Total
    $    
% of Total
    $
   
%
 
Revenues:
                                         
Subscription—Systems
 
$
4,311
     
21.5
   
$
11,874
     
43.5
   
$
(7,563
)
   
(63.7
)
Products—Systems
   
12,313
     
61.3
     
11,548
     
42.4
     
765
     
6.6
 
Products—Other
   
2,586
     
12.9
     
3,080
     
11.3
     
(494
)
   
(16.0
)
Services
   
865
     
4.3
     
764
     
2.8
     
101
     
13.2
 
Total
 
$
20,075
     
100.0
   
$
27,266
     
100.0
   
$
(7,191
)
   
(26.4
)

Total revenue for the second quarter of 2023 decreased $7.2 million, or 26%, to $20.1 million, compared to the second quarter of 2022. The decrease in total revenue, by region, was driven by a 27% decrease year-over-year in United States revenue and a 26% decrease year-over-year in international revenue. The decrease in total revenue, by product category, was driven by a 64% decrease in lease revenue and a 16% decrease in products - other revenue, offset partially by a 7% increase in products – systems revenue and a 13% increase in services revenue. The percentage of total systems revenue derived from the Company’s subscription model was approximately 26% in the second quarter of 2023, compared to 51% in the prior year period.
 
Gross profit for the second quarter of 2023 decreased $4.8 million, or 25%, to $14.2 million compared to the second quarter of 2022. The change in gross profit was driven primarily by the year-over-year decline in revenue in the United States and International markets driven by the strategic decision to deemphasize subscription sales and the exit from unprofitable direct markets. Gross margin was 70.8% of revenue, compared to 69.9% of revenue for the second quarter of 2022. The change in gross margin was primarily due to changes in product mix, including lower ARTAS systems sales which have a lower gross margin than our energy-based devices, and a $0.2 million foreign exchange headwind as a result of certain foreign currencies depreciating relative to the U.S. dollar.
 
Operating expenses for the second quarter of 2023 decreased $6.2 million, or 24%, to $20.0 million, compared to the second quarter of 2022. The change in total operating expenses was driven by a decrease of $3.3 million, or 26%, in general and administrative expenses and a decrease of $2.1 million, or 20%, in sales and marketing expenses.  Second quarter of 2023 general and administrative expenses include approximately $0.4 million of costs related to restructuring activities designed to improve the Company's operations and cost structure.
 
Operating loss for the second quarter of 2023 was $5.8 million, compared to operating loss of $7.1 million for the second quarter of 2022.
 
Net loss attributable to stockholders for the second quarter of 2023 was $7.4 million, or $1.35 per share, compared to net loss of $10.6 million, or $2.47 per share for the second quarter of 2022. Adjusted EBITDA loss for the second quarter of 2023 was $4.0 million, compared to adjusted EBITDA loss of $5.5 million for the second quarter of 2022.
 
As of June 30, 2023, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $6.1 million and total debt obligations of approximately $78.4 million, compared to $11.6 million and $77.7 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2022.
 

Fiscal Year 2023 Revenue Guidance:
 
The Company continues to expect total revenue for the twelve months ending December 31, 2023 in the range of $90.0 million to $95.0 million, representing a decrease in the range of approximately 9.5% to 4.5%, year-over-year, compared to total revenue of $99.5 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022.

Conference Call Details:
 
Management will host a conference call at 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on August 14, 2023 to discuss the results of the quarter with a question-and-answer session. Those who would like to participate may dial 877-407-2991 (201-389-0925 for international callers) and provide access code 13739854. A live webcast of the call will also be provided on the investor relations section of the Company's website at ir.venusconcept.com.
 
For those unable to participate, a replay of the call will be available for two weeks at: 877-660-6853 (201-612-7415 for international callers); access code 13739854. The webcast will be archived at ir.venusconcept.com.
 
About Venus Concept
 
Venus Concept is an innovative global medical aesthetic technology leader with a broad product portfolio of minimally invasive and non-invasive medical aesthetic and hair restoration technologies and reach in over 60 countries and 14 direct markets. Venus Concept’s product portfolio consists of aesthetic device platforms, including Venus Versa, Venus Legacy, Venus Velocity, Venus Fiore, Venus Viva, Venus Glow, Venus Bliss, Venus BlissMAX, Venus Epileve, Venus Viva MD and AI.ME. Venus Concept’s hair restoration systems include NeoGraft® and the ARTAS iX® Robotic Hair Restoration system. Venus Concept has been backed by leading healthcare industry growth equity investors including EW Healthcare Partners (formerly Essex Woodlands), HealthQuest Capital, Longitude Capital Management, Aperture Venture Partners, and Masters Special Situations.
 
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
 
This communication contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Any statements contained herein that are not of historical facts may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify these statements by words such as such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “plans,” “expects,” “projects,” “future,” “intends,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue,” “guidance,” and other similar expressions that are predictions of or indicate future events and future trends. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about our financial performance and metrics; the growth in demand for our systems and other products and sustainability thereof; and the efficacy of the restructuring plan, workforce reduction and management transition. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections about our business and the industry in which the Company operates and management's beliefs and assumptions and are not guarantees of future performance or developments and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that are in some cases beyond our control. As a result, any or all of our forward-looking statements in this communication may turn out to be inaccurate. Factors that could materially affect our business operations and financial performance and condition include, but are not limited to, general economic conditions and involve risks and uncertainties that may cause results to differ materially from those set forth in the statements and those risks and uncertainties described under Part II Item 1A—“Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Part I Item 1A—“Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. You are urged to consider these factors carefully in evaluating the forward-looking statements and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are based on information available to us as of the date of this communication. Unless required by law, the Company does not intend to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect new information or future events or otherwise.
 

Investor Relations Contact:
 
ICR Westwicke on behalf of Venus Concept:
Mike Piccinino, CFA
VenusConceptIR@westwicke.com
 

Venus Concept Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)

     
June 30,
2023
     
December 31,
2022
  
ASSETS
           
CURRENT ASSETS:
           
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
6,122
   
$
11,569
 
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $13,233 and $13,619 as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively
   
37,520
     
37,262
 
Inventories
   
22,936
     
23,906
 
Prepaid expenses
   
1,481
     
1,688
 
Advances to suppliers
   
5,749
     
5,881
 
Other current assets
   
1,984
     
3,702
 
Total current assets
   
75,792
     
84,008
 
LONG-TERM ASSETS:
               
Long-term receivables, net
   
12,082
     
20,044
 
Deferred tax assets
   
876
     
947
 
Severance pay funds
   
586
     
741
 
Property and equipment, net
   
1,640
     
1,857
 
Operating right-of-use assets, net
   
4,983
     
5,862
 
Intangible assets
   
10,197
     
11,919
 
Total long-term assets
   
30,364
     
41,370
 
TOTAL ASSETS
 
$
106,156
   
$
125,378
 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
               
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
               
Trade payables
 
$
8,293
   
$
8,033
 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
   
13,063
     
16,667
 
Current portion of long-term debt
   
7,735
     
7,735
 
Income taxes payable
   
434
     
117
 
Unearned interest income
   
1,915
     
2,397
 
Warranty accrual
   
880
     
1,074
 
Deferred revenues
   
1,050
     
1,765
 
Operating lease liabilities
   
1,571
     
1,807
 
Total current liabilities
   
34,941
     
39,595
 
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES:
               
Long-term debt
   
70,683
     
70,003
 
Income tax payable
   
385
     
374
 
Deferred tax liabilities
   
6
     
 
Accrued severance pay
   
696
     
867
 
Unearned interest revenue
   
552
     
957
 
Warranty accrual
   
377
     
408
 
Operating lease liabilities
   
3,666
     
4,221
 
Other long-term liabilities
   
392
     
215
 
Total long-term liabilities
   
76,757
     
77,045
 
TOTAL LIABILITIES
   
111,698
     
116,640
 
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 9)
               
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Note 14):
               
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value: 300,000,000 shares authorized as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022; 5,526,481 and 5,141,689 issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively
   
30
     
29
 
Additional paid-in capital
   
235,468
     
232,169
 
Accumulated deficit
   
(241,719
)
   
(224,105
)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
   
(6,221
)
   
8,093
 
Non-controlling interests
   
679
     
645
 
     
(5,542
)
   
8,738
 
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
$
106,156
   
$
125,378
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


Venus Concept Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share data)

   
Three Months Ended
June 30,
   
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
   
2023
   
2022
   
2023
   
2022
 
Revenue
                       
Leases
 
$
4,311
   
$
11,874
   
$
10,072
   
$
22,297
 
Products and services
   
15,764
     
15,392
     
30,534
     
31,375
 
     
20,075
     
27,266
     
40,606
     
53,672
 
Cost of goods sold:
                               
Leases
   
721
     
2,761
     
2,450
     
5,461
 
Products and services
   
5,134
     
5,459
     
10,237
     
11,402
 
     
5,855
     
8,220
     
12,687
     
16,863
 
Gross profit
   
14,220
     
19,046
     
27,919
     
36,809
 
Operating expenses:
                               
Selling and marketing
   
8,380
     
10,523
     
16,412
     
21,607
 
General and administrative
   
9,633
     
12,937
     
20,818
     
24,409
 
Research and development
   
1,965
     
2,712
     
4,602
     
5,355
 
Total operating expenses
   
19,978
     
26,172
     
41,832
     
51,371
 
(Loss) from operations
   
(5,758
)
   
(7,126
)
   
(13,913
)
   
(14,562
)
Other expenses:
                               
Foreign exchange loss (gain)
   
(178
)
   
2,370
     
(530
)
   
2,375
 
Finance expenses
   
1,553
     
1,034
     
3,061
     
1,957
 
(Gain) loss on disposal of subsidiaries
   
(1
)
   
-
     
76
     
-
 
Loss before income taxes
   
(7,132
)
   
(10,530
)
   
(16,520
)
   
(18,894
)
Income tax (benefit) expense
   
189
     
(18
)
   
424
     
254
 
Net loss
   
(7,321
)
   
(10,512
)
   
(16,944
)
   
(19,148
)
Net loss attributable to stockholders of the Company
   
(7,409
)
   
(10,559
)
   
(17,066
)
   
(19,178
)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest
   
88
     
47
     
122
     
30
 
                                 
Net loss per share:
                               
Basic
 
$
(1.35
)
 
$
(2.47
)
 
$
(3.19
)
 
$
(4.49
)
Diluted
 
$
(1.35
)
 
$
(2.47
)
 
$
(3.19
)
 
$
(4.49
)
Weighted-average number of shares used in per share calculation:
                               
Basic
   
5,471
     
4,276
     
5,355
     
4,271
 
Diluted
   
5,471
     
4,276
     
5,355
     
4,271
 


Venus Concept Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)

   
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
   
2023
   
2022
 
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
           
Net loss
 
$
(16,944
)
 
$
(19,148
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
               
Depreciation and amortization
   
2,032
     
2,212
 
Stock-based compensation
   
850
     
1,001
 
Provision for expected credit losses
   
977
     
3,521
 
Provision for inventory obsolescence
   
343
     
862
 
Finance expenses and accretion
   
680
     
182
 
Deferred tax expense (recovery)
   
78
     
(283
)
Loss on sale of subsidiary
   
76
     
-
 
Loss on disposal of property and equipment
   
-
     
31
 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
               
Accounts receivable short-term and long-term
   
6,153
     
(2,492
)
Inventories
   
627
     
(2,682
)
Prepaid expenses
   
207
     
568
 
Advances to suppliers
   
132
     
(3,797
)
Other current assets
   
1,642
     
(115
)
Operating right-of-use assets, net
   
879
     
6,057
 
Other long-term assets
   
(268
)
   
(79
)
Trade payables
   
259
     
2,361
 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
   
(4,185
)
   
(1,969
)
Current operating lease liabilities
   
(236
)
   
(1,764
)
Severance pay funds
   
154
     
2
 
Unearned interest income
   
(887
)
   
284
 
Long-term operating lease liabilities
   
(554
)
   
(4,293
)
Other long-term liabilities
   
(25
)
   
(172
)
Net cash used in operating activities
   
(8,010
)
   
(19,713
)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
               
Purchases of property and equipment
   
(92
)
   
(251
)
Net cash used in investing activities
   
(92
)
   
(251
)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
               
2023 Multi-Tranche Private Placement, net of costs of $367
   
1,633
     
 
Proceeds from exercise of options
   
     
23
 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
   
1,109
     
272
 
Repayment of government assistance loans
   
     
(543
)
Dividends from subsidiaries paid to non-controlling interest
   
(87
)
   
(124
)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
   
2,655
     
(372
)
NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH
   
(5,447
)
   
(20,336
)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH — Beginning of period
   
11,569
     
30,876
 
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH — End of period
 
$
6,122
   
$
10,540
 
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
               
Cash paid for income taxes
 
$
18
   
$
224
 
Cash paid for interest
 
$
2,381
   
$
1,775
 


Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
 
Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure defined as net income (loss) before foreign exchange loss (gain), financial expenses, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation and non-recurring items for a given period. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of our financial performance under U.S. GAAP and should not be considered an alternative to net income or any other performance measures derived in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Accordingly, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA along with other financial performance measures, including net income, and our financial results presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently or not at all, which reduces its usefulness as a comparative measure. We understand that although Adjusted EBITDA is frequently used by securities analysts, lenders and others in their evaluation of companies, Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation, or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Some of these limitations are: Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments; Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; and although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated will often have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements.
 
We believe that Adjusted EBITDA is a useful measure for analyzing the performance of our core business because it facilitates operating performance comparisons from period to period and company to company by backing out potential differences caused by changes in foreign exchange rates that impact financial assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, tax positions (such as the impact on periods or companies of changes in effective tax rates), the age and book depreciation of fixed assets (affecting relative depreciation expense), amortization of intangible assets, stock-based compensation expense (because it is a non-cash expense) and non-recurring items as explained below.
 
The following reconciliation of net (loss) income to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented:

Venus Concept Inc.
Reconciliation of Net loss to Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA

   
Three Months Ended June
30,
   
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
   
2023
   
2022
   
2023
   
2022
 
Reconciliation of net loss to adjusted EBITDA
 
(in thousands)
   
(in thousands)
 
Net loss
 
$
(7,321
)
 
$
(10,512
)
 
$
(16,944
)
 
$
(19,148
)
Foreign exchange loss (gain)
   
(178
)
   
2,370
     
(530
)
   
2,375
 
(Gain) loss on disposal of subsidiaries
   
(1
)
   
     
76
     
 
Finance expenses
   
1,553
     
1,034
     
3,061
     
1,957
 
Income tax expense (benefit)
   
189
     
(18
)
   
424
     
254
 
Depreciation and amortization
   
1,010
     
1,111
     
2,032
     
2,212
 
Stock-based compensation expense
   
369
     
558
     
850
     
1,001
 
Other adjustments (1)
   
412
     
     
1,330
     
 
Adjusted EBITDA
 
$
(3,967
)
 
$
(5,457
)
 
$
(9,701
)
 
$
(11,349
)

(1) For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the other adjustments primarily represent restructuring activities designed to improve the Company's operations and cost structure.